The diagram represents a centralized configuration in which the production of domestic hot water (DHW) for each user is delegated to user satellites, which take thermal energy from a shared primary network and use it for the instantaneous production of DHW. This system does not provide an DHW distribution network or a recirculation circuit, allowing simplification of the system and greater thermal efficiency.

The DHW is produced locally, i.e. inside the satellite installed at each residential or functional unit, by means of high-performance heat exchangers. In general, there is a centralized technical accumulation, necessary to compensate for load variations and consumption peaks.

The temperature regulation can be mechanical, thermostatic or electronic, depending on the satellite model adopted. The most advanced satellites allow precise control of temperature and water delivery, improving the comfort of the end user.

From a hygienic point of view, this scheme guarantees excellent sanitary conditions, since hot water is produced only at the time of use and does not circulate in a secondary network, drastically reducing the risk of bacterial proliferation, including Legionella.

This type of system is suitable for medium and large residential and commercial buildings, and requires an accurate design of the primary network, in particular to guarantee the thermal power needed both for the production of DHW and for environmental heating.

The overall performance is good or optimal depending on the technology adopted in the satellites. In addition, the system allows plant flexibility and management independence for each unit served, maintaining high standards of comfort and safety.