Idronics

One of humankind’s most significant achievements has been the ability to generate heat and guide its movement for useful purposes. This ability is essential to modern life, especia...

Symbol Legends and Psychrometric Chart

Symbol Legends and Psychrometric Chart

As the use of electrical-powered building cooling continues to expand, electric utilities face a challenge: how to supply the necessary electrical energy in ways that do not create...

Many commercial and industrial buildings have heating and cooling load characteristics that are very different from smaller buildings. One of those characteristics is a frequent ne...

The classic approach to absorbing heat and humidity from occupied spaces is to pass air from those spaces through a chilled-water coil in an air handler. That coil provides both se...

There are several devices that can absorb heat from a room and transfer that heat to a stream of chilled water. Some have been used for several decades, while others are relatively...

Section 2 discussed the types of chillers often found in larger commercial and institutional cooling systems, specifically: • air-cooled chillers • water-cooled chillers

Air is a combination of gases including oxygen (21%), nitrogen (78%), and small amounts of carbon dioxide, hydrogen and neon. Most air — with the exception of what is possible in a...

There are many options when it comes to cooling commercial and institutional buildings. They range from inexpensive (but intrusive) approaches, to sophisticated systems that can in...

Several methods for cooling commercial and institutional buildings have been developed based on the use of chilled water as the primary energy transport media. These methods offer ...

Most people living in developed countries take building cooling for granted. Most expect it in office buildings and stores. They also expect it in cars, buses, airplanes and trains...