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    • Air and Dirt Separators and Air Vents
      Air and Dirt Separators and Air Vents:
      • Air Vents
        Air Vents:
        • Accessories
        • DISCALAIR® Automatic (up to 4.5 SCFM)
        • HYGROCAL™ Radiator Air Vent
        • MAXCAL™ Automatic (up to 9.0 SCFM)
        • MINICAL® Automatic (up to 1.7 SCFM)
        • Manual
        • PLUMBVENT™ Automatic (plumbing)
        • ROBOCAL™ Automatic (up to 0.8 SCFM)
        • VALCAL™ Automatic (up to 2.5 SCFM)
      • DIRTMAG® Magnetic Dirt Separators
        DIRTMAG® Magnetic Dirt Separators:
        • Accessories
        • DIRTMAG® (ANSI Flange)
        • DIRTMAG® (Composite)
        • DIRTMAG® Pro (Brass)
      • DISCALDIRTMAG® Air and Magnetic Dirt Separators
        DISCALDIRTMAG® Air and Magnetic Dirt Separators:
        • Accessories
        • DISCALDIRTMAG® (ANSI Flange)
        • DISCALDIRTMAG® (Brass)
      • DISCALDIRT® Air and Dirt Separators
        DISCALDIRT® Air and Dirt Separators:
        • Accessories
        • DISCALDIRT® (ANSI Flange)
        • DISCALDIRT® (Brass)
      • DISCAL® Air Separators
        DISCAL® Air Separators:
        • Accessories
        • DISCAL® (ANSI Flange)
        • DISCAL® (Brass)
      • Gold Standard Kit
        Gold Standard Kit:
        • Accessories
        • Gold Standard Kit™
    • Backflow Prevention and Safety Devices
      Backflow Prevention and Safety Devices:
      • Backflow Preventers
        Backflow Preventers:
        • Dual Check with atmospheric vent (DuC-AV)
        • Reduced Pressure Principle (RP)
      • Safety Devices
        Safety Devices:
        • Vacuum Relief Valves (VRV)
    • Balancing Valves
      Balancing Valves:
      • Dynamic
        Dynamic:
        • Accessories
        • FlowCal+™ (compact)
        • FlowCal+™ (y-body)
        • FlowCal™ (compact)
        • FlowCal™ (hydronics)
        • FlowCal™ (y-body)
      • Static (manual)
        Static (manual):
        • Accessories
        • Flo-Set™
        • QuickSetter+™
        • QuickSetter™ (hydronics)
      • Thermal
        Thermal:
        • Accessories
        • ThermoSetter™
    • Distribution Manifolds and Mixing Stations
      Distribution Manifolds and Mixing Stations:
      • Assemblies
        Assemblies:
        • Accessories
        • TwistFlow™
      • Temperature Mixing Units
        Temperature Mixing Units:
        • Accessories
        • HydroMixer™
      • Thermostatic Manifold Mixing Stations
        Thermostatic Manifold Mixing Stations:
        • Accessories
        • Low Temperature
    • Filling Units and Boiler Trim Kits
      Filling Units and Boiler Trim Kits:
      • Automatic Filling Units
        Automatic Filling Units:
        • Accessories
        • AutoFill™ Combo
        • AutoFill™
        • Boiler Trim Kits
      • Water Treatment
        Water Treatment:
        • Accessories
        • Filling Units
        • HYDROFLUSH™ (fill and flush cart)
    • Fittings
      Fittings:
      • AutoFill™
        AutoFill™:
        • Tail pieces, union nuts, washers
      • Backflow Preventers
        Backflow Preventers:
        • Tail pieces, union nuts, washers
      • PresCal™
        PresCal™:
        • Tail pieces, union nuts, washers
      • Separators
        Separators:
        • Tail pieces, union nuts, washers
      • Small Valves
        Small Valves:
        • 1" union Fittings
        • Tail pieces, union nuts, washers
      • Threaded
        Threaded:
        • Union nuts, nipples adapters, bushings
    • Hydraulic Separators
      Hydraulic Separators:
      • 4-in-1 SEP4™
        4-in-1 SEP4™:
        • Accessories
        • SEP4™ (ANSI Flange)
        • SEP4™ (Union)
      • Combined Hydraulic Separator and Manifold
        Combined Hydraulic Separator and Manifold:
        • Accessories
        • HydroLink™
      • Hydro Separators
        Hydro Separators:
        • Accessories
        • Hydro Separator (ANSI Flange)
        • Hydro Separators (Union)
        • HydroCal™ (ANSI Flange)
    • Mixing Valves
      Mixing Valves:
      • Electronic
        Electronic:
        • Accessories
        • LEGIOMIX® Station
        • LEGIOMIX®
      • Thermostatic (point of distribution)
        Thermostatic (point of distribution):
        • Accessories
        • AngleMix™
        • MixCal+™ (high flow)
        • MixCal™
        • TankMixer™ (DHW kit)
      • Thermostatic (point of use)
        Thermostatic (point of use):
        • Accessories
        • SinkMixer™ (4-way)
        • TubMixer™ (high flow)
    • Pressure Reducing Valves
      Pressure Reducing Valves:
      • Diaphragm Type
        Diaphragm Type:
        • Accessories
        • PresCal™
        • Prescal™ Compact
      • Piston Type
        Piston Type:
        • PresCal™ HP
    • Renewable Components and Energy Meters
      Renewable Components and Energy Meters:
      • Biomass
        Biomass:
        • Accessories
        • ThermoBloc™ (recirc and distribution units)
        • ThermoProtec™ (mixing valves)
      • Energy Meters
        Energy Meters:
        • Accessories
        • CONTECA™
      • Solar
        Solar:
        • Accessories
        • Air Vents
        • DISCAL® (air separators)
        • Mixing Valves
        • Pump Stations
        • Safety Relief Valves
    • Specialty Components and Kits
      Specialty Components and Kits:
      • Air Vents (plumbing)
        Air Vents (plumbing):
        • PLUMBVENT™
      • Check Valves
        Check Valves:
        • Accessories
        • Check Valves (serviceable)
      • Differential Pressure Bypass
        Differential Pressure Bypass:
        • Differential Pressure Bypass Valves
      • Isolation Ball Valves
        Isolation Ball Valves:
        • Accessories
        • Isolation Valves
      • Kits
        Kits:
        • Boiler Trim Kits
        • Gold Standard Kits
        • Tankless Water Heater Kits
      • Universal Flow Switch
        Universal Flow Switch:
        • Uni-Switch™
      • Y-strainers
        Y-strainers:
        • Accessories
        • Y-strainers (hydronics)
    • Thermostatic Radiator Valves
      Thermostatic Radiator Valves:
      • Connection Valves
        Connection Valves:
        • Accessories
        • Angled Version
        • Straight Version
      • Control Heads
        Control Heads:
        • Accessories
        • Control Heads (Built-in Sensor)
        • Control Heads (Remote Sensor)
      • Radiator Valve Bodies
        Radiator Valve Bodies:
        • Accessories
        • Valve Bodies (angled)
        • Valve Bodies (straight)
    • Zone Valves, Controls and Coil Kits
      Zone Valves, Controls and Coil Kits:
      • Motorized Ball Zone Valves
        Motorized Ball Zone Valves:
        • 2-way (straight)
        • 3-way (by-pass)
        • 3-way (diverting)
      • Motorized Zone Valves
        Motorized Zone Valves:
        • 2-way Bodies (straight flow)
        • 3-way Bodies (diverting flow)
        • Accessories
        • Actuators (normally closed)
        • Actuators (normally opened)
        • Z-one™ 2-way
      • Pressure Independent Control Valves (PICV)
        Pressure Independent Control Valves (PICV):
        • Accessories
        • FLOWMATIC® Express Coil Kit
        • FLOWMATIC®
      • Thermo-electric Zone Valves
        Thermo-electric Zone Valves:
        • Accessories
        • TwisTop™
      • Z-one™ Zone Controls
        Z-one™ Zone Controls:
        • Pump Zone Controls
        • Valve Zone Controls
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Coffee with Caleffi Q&A
Blog

Coffee with Caleffi Q&A

Blog post categories list
Blog post categories list
Hydronic Principles Ask Caleffi Podcast Mixing Valves, Thermostatic Air and Dirt Separation Domestic Hot Water Systems Zone Valves and Radiator Valves Air Vents Water Quality Balancing Valves Mixing Valves, Electronic Zone Relay Controls Coffee with Caleffi Q&A Solar Components Hydraulic Separation Manifolds and Mixing Stations Pressure Reducing Valves Articles Filling and Backflow Prevention Magnetic Separation 5 Things You Need To Know Geothermal and Biomass Certifications Engineering Tools and Documentation Heat Meters
What is fall-off pressure for a pressure reducing valve?
December 08, 2016

What is fall-off pressure for a pressure reducing valve?

Fall-off pressure is the reduction of pressure at the outlet of a pressure reducing valve (PRV), whe...
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How many gallons of water can I demineralize with your HYDROFILL, before I need to replace the resin bags?
March 24, 2016

How many gallons of water can I demineralize with your HYDROFILL, before I need to replace the resin bags?

It depends on the hardness of the site water. The Water Treatment Capacity table in the HYDROFILL&nb...
Read more
How do I use your new HYDROFILL demineralizer to fill a glycol system?
March 23, 2016

How do I use your new HYDROFILL demineralizer to fill a glycol system?

Unless you know the actual system volume, it would be tough to partially fill with demineralized wat...
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Can a Caleffi Z-one Relay control both domestic hot water heating and space heating using one boiler?
March 03, 2016

Can a Caleffi Z-one Relay control both domestic hot water heating and space heating using one boiler?

Yes, the relay controls have the ability to prioritize DHW demand and they also have the ability to ...
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How do I design a hydronic system for different temperature emitters?
February 10, 2016

How do I design a hydronic system for different temperature emitters?

The most basic, and typically the most economical, way to design a hydronic system for multiple temp...
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How is magnetite removed from a hydronic system?
November 20, 2015

How is magnetite removed from a hydronic system?

Magnetic dirt removal in hydronic heating and cooling systems is a hot topic these days. Check out t...
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What is a reset schedule for a heating system? (outdoor reset)
November 12, 2015

What is a reset schedule for a heating system?

With outdoor reset, the system does not run at one fixed water temperature. It is called outdoor res...
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What does magnetite in a hydronic system look like?
November 05, 2015

What does magnetite in a hydronic system look like?

Check out this amazing video showing how a Caleffi 5465 Series DIRTMAG is separating the magnetite o...
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Is there a difference between a buffer tank and a storage tank?
August 12, 2015

Is there a difference between a buffer tank and a storage tank?

Are they the same thing? What's different? Really a tank is a tank. Anytime we use a tank for...
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Can I dilute glycol to less than 25% concentration?
July 23, 2015

Can I dilute glycol to less than 25% concentration?

Over-dilution of formulated glycol heat transfer fluid (HTF) causes corrosion problems. The reason f...
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Do I need a double-wall heat exchanger for solar domestic hot water applications?
July 07, 2015

Do I need a double-wall heat exchanger for solar domestic hot water applications?

That is a really good question!  It really varies from state to state, even from city to city. ...
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Does steam-back damage glycol?
July 07, 2015

Does steam-back damage glycol?

A small amount of boiling (in a solar collector that is stagnating) won’t immediatel...
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