Idronics

Caleffi Hydronic Components and estimating panel radiator heat output at reduced water temperatures

Previous sections have described the advantages of using hydronic heating and cooling in low-energy and net-zero buildings. Simple and repeatable concepts have been shown along wit...

To achieve higher market acceptance, hydronic systems for low-energy and net-zero buildings need to be “tailored” to consumer expectations, load characteristics, desired environmen...

This section describes the advantages and benefits of using hydronic-based systems in low-energy and net-zero buildings. It also discusses some of the hydronic heating and cooling ...

The first step in designing any heating or cooling system is to understand the building the system will supply. It could range from a 200-year-old building with little or no insula...

For decades, the majority of the energy used to heat buildings has been supplied from fossil fuels, mostly in the form of natural gas, fuel oil and propane. During this time, the v...

APPENDIX A: CALEFFI HYDRONIC COMPONENTS APPENDIX B: CALEFFI PLUMBING COMPONENTS APPENDIX C: GENERIC COMPONENTS

This section describes several common applications, as well as some “novel” applications for heat exchangers in hydronic heating and cooling systems.

This Section discusses specific details that allow heat exchangers to perform as expected in several types of applications.

Learn about laminar vs turbulent flow, Reynolds number, flow direction, determining overall rate of heat transfer, software-based heat exchanger selection, performance indices, the...

Learn about two fundamental concepts that apply to all situations involving heat transfer.

A wide variety of heat exchangers are used in modern hydronic heating and cooling systems, as well as in some plumbing applications. This section illustrates the most common hardwa...